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Introduction

Ubuntu is a popular open-source operating system that is widely used for web servers. It is free, secure, and easy to install. In this article, we will discuss how to install and configure a web server on Ubuntu.

Step 1: Update Ubuntu

Before installing any new software on Ubuntu, it is always a good idea to update the system. This can be done by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

This command will update the package list and upgrade any existing packages on the system.

Step 2: Install Apache

Apache is a popular web server software that is used to serve web pages. To install Apache on Ubuntu, run the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt install apache2

This command will install Apache on the system.

Step 3: Configure Firewall

To ensure the security of the web server, it is important to configure the firewall. Ubuntu comes with a built-in firewall called UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall). To allow incoming HTTP and HTTPS traffic, run the following commands in the terminal:

sudo ufw allow http

sudo ufw allow https

sudo ufw enable

The first two commands allow incoming HTTP and HTTPS traffic, while the third command enables the firewall.

Step 4: Test Apache

To test if Apache is installed and running correctly, open a web browser and enter the following URL in the address bar:

http://localhost

If Apache is running correctly, you should see the default Apache page.

Step 5: Install PHP

PHP is a popular programming language that is used to create dynamic web pages. To install PHP on Ubuntu, run the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql

This command will install PHP and the necessary modules to work with Apache.

Step 6: Test PHP

To test if PHP is installed and working correctly, create a new PHP file in the Apache document root directory. The document root directory is located at /var/www/html/. To create a new file, run the following command in the terminal:

sudo nano /var/www/html/test.php

This will open the Nano text editor. Enter the following PHP code in the editor:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Save and close the file. Now open a web browser and enter the following URL in the address bar:

http://localhost/test.php

If PHP is working correctly, you should see a page with information about the PHP installation.

Step 7: Install MySQL

MySQL is a popular database management system that is used to store and retrieve data for web applications. To install MySQL on Ubuntu, run the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt install mysql-server

This command will install MySQL on the system.

Step 8: Secure MySQL

To ensure the security of the MySQL installation, it is important to secure it. This can be done by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

This command will walk you through a series of questions to secure the MySQL installation.

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed how to install and configure a web server on Ubuntu. We have covered the installation of Apache, PHP, and MySQL, as well as the configuration of the firewall and the securing of the MySQL installation. By following these steps, you can have a fully functional web server running on Ubuntu in no time.